Turtle

Defender balled on knees/elbows; attacker works for back takes or turnovers.

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Half Guard

Bottom player traps one of opponent’s legs between theirs to off‑balance or sweep.

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Side Control

Top player chest‑to‑chest across opponent’s torso, limiting their hips and shoulders.

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Mount

Top player sits on opponent’s torso with knees down, dominant control for submissions.

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